ba,
ka ve
akh ile ilgili bilgiler veren metinleri içeren kadim mısırda yazılmış kitaptır.
ingilizce olarak alıntıladığım ve ölüler kitabında bu kavramların nasıl anlatıldığını içeren pasaj:
the modern title "book of the dead" is misleading, because the texts are not about death but about life: specifically, eternal life as a spirit, which every egyptian hoped to attain after death.
the egyptians believed that every living person was composed of three essential elements:
body,
ba, and
ka. they recognized that the body was mortal, and would one day fail and die. but they also believed that life transcended this temporary physical shell.
every human life also had a nonphysical aspect, known as the
ba. somewhat like the modern western concept of
personality or the
soul, the
ba was essentially the individual himself or herself, inhabiting the body during life but capable of independent exis¬tence after the body's death.
life for both the
body and the
ba was made possible by the
ka, an animating force transferred by the
creator to every human being. death occurred when the
ka separated from the
body and returned to its maker.
ın order to achieve a successful afterlife, the
ba had to be reunited with its
ka. once that had happened, the individual could continue to live forever, in a spiritual form known as the
akh, or "effective being."
the book of the dead was designed to aid the deceased in making a successful transition from death to eternal life as an
akh. most of its texts belong to a genre of funerary literature that the egyptians called "
akh makers."
(bkz:
#7282509)
(bkz:
ruh ve nefs/@benolanben)
(bkz:
kabe) (bkz:
kaba)
